Full name: Hebeloma rubrofuscum Velen. (1920)
Published: Ceske Houby: 395 (1919) ["1920"]
Taxonomic status: Heterotypic synonym of H. anthracophilum
Types: CZECH REPUBLIC: Mnichovice (49.5612°N, 14.4245°E, alt. approx. 590 m a.s.l.) on bare soil, Jul. 1919, J. Velenovsky (Holotype. herbarium acc. no. PRC B54, HJB1000242).

Material stored in a bottle of alcohol/formaldehyde. The information on the bottle matches exactly the information in the protologue, so this may be considered the holotype.

Original diagnosis: Pileo 2-4 cm diam., mox plane expanso, saepe irregulari et excentrico, margine diu anguste involuto, absque quocunque veli vestigio, perfecte levi, lucido (sicut laccato), udo conspecte viscido, obscure rubrofusco usque lateritio-rubescenti. Stipite brevi, dure firmo, solido, regulariter cylindraceo, 4-5 mm crasso, basi plerumque adunco, albo, apice granuloso-furfuraceo, fibrilloso. Lamellis confertis, postice rotundatis et ibi latissimis, marginem versus cito angustatis, diu albis, tum pallide ochraceis. Carne pallida, debiliter olenti. Sporis ovato-fusoideis, inaequilaterilibus, apicibus ambis acutatis, 10-14 μm. Cystidiis longe filiformibus. Ad terram nudam sub mura cimmetarii prope Mnichovice, iulio 1919. Hebelomati Quéletii Schulz., e Slavonia descripto maxime affine est, sed auctor huius speciei solum scripsit pileum albo-ochraceum, tum ferrugineo-fuscum esse. Etiam sporas alias describit.

English translation: Pileus 2–4 mm, soon expanding applanate, often irregularly shaped and eccentric, with margin long staying narrowly involute, completely without any veil, perfectly smooth, shiny (as if lacquered), when moist distinctly viscid, dark reddish brown to brick-red. Stipe short, hard, firm, solid, regularly cylindrical, 4–5 mm thick, at base often curved, white, with granulose-furfuraceous apex, fibrillose. Lamellae crowded, rounded attached and there very broad, narrowing towards margin, long remaining white, then pale ochraceous. Context pale, with weak odour. Spores ovoid-fusiform, inequilateral, acutely attenuated to both sides, 10–14 μm. Cystidia long, filiform. On naked soil, under the wall of the cemetery near Mnichovice, July 1919. Very similar to Hebeloma queletii, described from Slavonia, but its author described the pileus as white-ochraceous only, then turning rusty brown. Also the spores are described differently.

Commentary: The ‘original diagnosis’ above is the translation into Latin from the original Czech by Pilat, Opera Bot. Čechica 6: 136 (1948). We have studied the holotype, but due to the method of storage we have been unable to generate any sequences. However, a morphological study reveals this to be from Hebeloma sect. Scabrispora, with spores on average 11.4 × 6.5 µm. This is: = Hebeloma anthracophilum Maire.