Hebeloma pungens (Photo: H. J. Beker)

Taxonomy

Types: UNITED STATES: Oregon: Frog Lake, Mt Hood National Forest, Wasco County (approx. 45.2195°N, 121.6938°W, alt. approx. 1180 m a.s.l.) on soil under Pinus sp., 8 Oct. 1946, A.H. Smith (24293) (Holotype. herbarium acc. no. MICH 5560, HJB1000474).

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upEtymology

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upOriginal diagnosis
  Pileus 3-5 (6) cm latus, paene "Verona Brown" juvenis, vetus paene "Tawny-Olive," sericocanescens, glabrescens, viscidus. Contextus albus; odor asper mordax, gustus mitis. Lamellae adnexae, pallidobrunnaceae, denique paene "Sayal Brown," confertae, latae. Stipes 4-6 cm longus, 8-12 mm crassus, albus, apice furfuraceus, fibrillososcabrosus infra deinde squamas recurvatus gerens. Velum sparsim, evanescens. Sporae (8) 9-11 (12) x (4.5) 5-6 μm, subfusoideae, rugulosae vel leviter calyptrateae. Pleurocystidia desunt. Cheilocystidia 30-54 x 5-8 μm, anguste utriformia. Cuticula pileorum ixocutis est. Hypodermium cellulare.

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upEnglish translation
  Pileus 3-5 (6) cm broad, almost “Verona Brown” when young, almost “Tawny-Olive” in age, silky-hoary, becoming glabrous, viscid. Context white; smell pungent acrid, taste mild. Lamellae adnexed, pale brownish, finally almost “Sayal Brown,” crowded, broad. Stipe 4-6 cm long, 8-12 mm thick, white, apex scurfy, fibrillose-scabrous below, finally with recurved scales, Veil sparse, vanishing. Spores (8) 9-11 (12) x (4.5) 5-6 μm, subfusoid, roughened or slightly calyptrate. Pleurocystidia none. Cheilocystidia 30-54 x 5-8 μm, narrowly utriform. The pileus cuticle is an ixocutis. Hypoderm cellular.

Description

Description of Hebeloma pungens based on 2 collections

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMacroscopic description
  Pileus: (30) 42–46 (60) mm diameter; shape convex; characters often remains of universal veil; margin characters often fibrillose, involute or smooth; viscosity tacky when moist; colour variation unicolour; colour at centre often brick or brownish olive.

  Lamellae: attachment adnexed; maximum depth up to 6 mm; number of complete lamellae 68–72; presence of tears absent; white fimbriate edge present.

  Cortina presence: no.

  Stipe: (40) 51–85 (112) x (5) 8 (12) {median} x 7–11 (13) {basal} mm; stipe Q 5.0–14.7; base shape often clavate, cylindrical or tapering; floccosity often fibrillose, floccose, floccose at apex, pruinose or pruinose at apex; rooting no; thick rhizoids at base absent;

  Context: Texture firm; stipe interior hollow; stipe flesh discolouring no; slenderness measure 6.3–23.3; smell raphanoid, often cocoa; taste none where recorded.

  Spore deposit colour: Not recorded.

  Exsiccata characters: Not recorded.

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMicroscopic description
  Spores: shape amygdaloid, often fusoid or navicular; colour in microscope often yellow or yellow brown; guttules variable. papilla yes; Spore Code: O1 O2; P0 P1 P2; D3 D4.

  Basidia: 27–32 x 6–8 μm; ave. Q 4.0–4.6; spore arrangement 4 spored;

  Cheilocystidia: main shape often capitate-stipitate, clavate, clavate-stipitate, cylindrical, clavate-lageniform or clavate-ventricose, utriform or ventricose; special features observed often apical thickening, branching, clamped septa, irregular, septa or short; cheilocystidia ratios: A/M = 1.12–1.68; A/B = 1.05–1.63; B/M = 1.08–1.14.

  Pleurocystidia: none seen.

  Ixocutis: epicutis thickness (measured from exsiccata) up to 120 μm; ixocutis hyphae width up to 6 μm; ixocutis hyphae encrustation no; shape of trama elements beneath subcutis often ellipsoid, isodiametric or thickly sausage-shaped up to 20 μm wide.

  Caulocystidia: Similar to cheilocystidia but larger, up to 110 μm.

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upSpore measurements

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upCheilocystidia measurements

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upHabitat and distribution
  Hebeloma pungens's preferred habitat appears to be coniferous woodland with decomposed litter. Across our collections, Hebeloma pungens has only been recorded as associating with Pinus (family Pinaceae). The growth habit of our collections was caespitose and often scattered.

  According to our current collections, the species is found only in Northern America. On the continent, collections have been found only in the temperate conifer forests WWF biome The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have divided the world into 867 terrestrial ecoregions. The ecoregion here is estimated by mapping from the GPS coordinates of the collection using data made available by Dinerstein et al (2017). Use this webtool to explore the ecoregions visually or see a full list of current ecoregions on Wikipedia. (Northern California coastal forests (50.0%) and Central-Southern Cascades Forests (50.0%) ecoregions). From collector information, it appears collections have been found in the IUCN habitats We map from the collector's description of the habitat to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s definition using a standardised set of rules. Please see this page for a full list of IUCN habitats.. Within Northern America we have records from Southwestern U.S.A. (California) and Northwestern U.S.A. (Oregon).

Geographic distribution

Phenology

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upAdditional cited collections

Image gallery