Hebeloma aminophilum (Photo: M. Theiss)

Taxonomy

Types: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalamunda, 100m north west of where Pickering Brook crosses Ashendon Road (approx. 32.0491°S, 116.1955°E, alt. approx. 290 m a.s.l.) on cadaveric (kangaroo) soil in woodland under Eucalyptus calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata, 22 Jun. 1977, L.O. Hilton (Holotype. herbarium acc. no. PERTH 00775193, HJB1000529).

Heterotypic synonyms:

• Agaricus coarctatus Cooke & Massee [as "Agaricus (Tricholoma) coarctatus"], Grevillea 18 (85): 2 (1889)
• Tricholoma coarctatum (Cooke & Massee) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 9.: 13 (1891)
• Hebeloma coarctatum (Cooke & Massee) Pegler, Aust. J. Bot. 13: 328 (1965)
• Hebeloma aminophilum f. hygrosarx B.J. Rees, Mycologia 105 : 1049, Mycologia 105 (4): 1049 (2013)
• Hebeloma westraliense Bougher, Tommerup & Malajczuk, Mycol. Res. 95 (6): 684 (1991)
• Hebeloma kammala Grgur., Larger Fungi of South Australia: 107 (1997)

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upEtymology

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upOriginal diagnosis
  Pileus (2-)3-9 cm latus, cum late convexus tum planus, rasilis, viscidus, cum cremeus juventute tum brunneolus senectute. Lamellae late adnatae, confertae, aliquot ordinibus lamellularum instructae, cum ferrugineae tum senectute brunneae. Stipes 60-80 mm longus, 8-15 mm latus, aequalis sed basaliter tumida. aridus, candidus, glaber, senectute brunnescens sporis, velo nullo. Contextus cretaceus. Sporae 8.2-10 x 4.5-6 μm, ellipticae vel amygdaloideae, minute verrucosae. brunneae in deposito. Cheilocystidia 40-52 x 6-9 μm, fusiformia. parietibus tenuibus instructa, numerosa. Pileopellis est ixomixocutis hypharum 2.5-5 μm diam., fibulis numerosis. Sarcophilum apud relicta putrescentia megaleiarum. cuniculorum. anguium, animalium ceterorum vivens.

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upEnglish translation
  Pileus (2-)3-9 cm broad, broadly convex to applanate, smooth, viscid, cream-coloured when young to brownish in age. Lamellae broadly adnate, crowded, with several ranks of lamellulae, from rusty red to brown in age. Stipe 60-80 mm long, 8-15 mm thick, equal but basally swollen. Dry, pure white, glabrous, becoming brown because of the spores in age, veil none. Context chalk white. Spores 8.2-10 x 4.5-6 μm, elliptic or amygdaloid, minutely verrucose, brown in mass. Cheilocystidia 40-52 x 6-9 μm, fusiform, thin-walled, numerous. The pileipellis is an ixomixocutis with hyphae 2.5-5 μm wide, clamps numerous. Sarcophilous fruiting near rotting remains of red kangaroos (Megaleia rufa), rabbits, snakes and other animals.

Description

Description of Hebeloma aminophilum based on 53 collections

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMacroscopic description
  Pileus: (12) 28–61 (90) mm diameter; shape convex, rarely broadly umbonate; characters rarely remains of universal veil; margin characters often smooth, occasionally involute; viscosity tacky when moist; colour variation usually unicolour, rarely two color; colour at centre usually cream, rarely greyish buff.

  Lamellae: attachment usually adnate, occasionally adnexed, rarely emarginate or decurrent; maximum depth up to 5 mm; number of complete lamellae 28–64; presence of tears absent; white fimbriate edge often absent or weak.

  Cortina presence: usually no, rarely yes.

  Stipe: (25) 36–70 (80) x (3) 6–13 (21) {median} x (3) 7–17 (24) {basal} mm; stipe Q 2.4–12.3; base shape usually clavate, often bulbous, rarely cylindrical; floccosity often fibrillose or pruinose at apex, occasionally pruinose; rooting no; thick rhizoids at base absent;

  Context: Texture firm; stipe interior hollow or stuffed; stipe flesh discolouring variable; slenderness measure 4.0–31.6; smell rarely odourless or earthy; taste none where recorded.

  Spore deposit colour: umber.

  Exsiccata characters: Not recorded.

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMicroscopic description
  Spores: shape amygdaloid, rarely limoniform; colour in microscope often yellow, occasionally brown, very pale, yellow pale or yellow brown, rarely brown pale; guttules often no, occasionally yes. papilla variable occasionally weak; Spore Code: (O1) O2 (O3); (P0) P1 P2; (D2) D3.

  Basidia: (13) 15–32 (33) x 4–7 μm; ave. Q 2.5–5.2; spore arrangement 4 spored;

  Cheilocystidia: main shape lanceolate, usually ventricose, occasionally lageniform, rarely cylindrical or filiform; special features observed often many collapsed in exsiccata, rarely rostrate or septa; cheilocystidia ratios: A/M = 0.70–0.99; A/B = 0.30–0.56; B/M = 1.33–3.04.

  Pleurocystidia: usually seen, rarely none seen.

  Ixocutis: epicutis thickness (measured from exsiccata) up to 175 μm; ixocutis hyphae width up to 7 μm; ixocutis hyphae encrustation yes; shape of trama elements beneath subcutis often ellipsoid, oblong or thickly sausage-shaped up to 13 μm wide.

  Caulocystidia: Similar to cheilocystidia but larger, up to 70 μm.

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upSpore measurements

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upCheilocystidia measurements

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upHabitat and distribution
  Hebeloma aminophilum's preferred habitat appears to be woodland with cadaveric (kangaroo) soil. Where only one possible associate was recorded, the most commonly recorded associate was Eucalyptus (74.1%) but Melaleuca (11.1%), Leptospermum (7.4%), Pinus (3.7%) and Nothofagus (3.7%) were also recorded. In these cases the most commonly recorded family was Myrtaceae (92.9%). We have additional records where Allocasuarina was recorded as a possible associate, but for these collections a number of possible associates were mentioned. Myrtaceae was the only recorded family. The growth habit of our collections was usually gregarious and rarely scattered.

  According to our current collections, the species is found only in Australasia. On the continent, collections has been found in the WWF biomes The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have divided the world into 867 terrestrial ecoregions. The ecoregion here is estimated by mapping from the GPS coordinates of the collection using data made available by Dinerstein et al (2017). Use this webtool to explore the ecoregions visually or see a full list of current ecoregions on Wikipedia. temperate broadleaf & mixed forests (63.5%) and mediterranean forests, woodlands & scrub (34.6%), specifically including the ecoregions: Southeast Australia temperate forests (28.8%), Southwest Australia woodlands (26.9%), Eastern Australian temperate forests (15.4%) and Tasmanian temperate forests (11.5%). From collector information, it appears collections have been found only in the 1.4 Forest – Temperate IUCN habitat We map from the collector's description of the habitat to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s definition using a standardised set of rules. Please see this page for a full list of IUCN habitats.. Within Australasia we have records from Australia (Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, New South Wales, South Australia, Australia and Queensland) and New Zealand (New Zealand).

Geographic distribution

Phenology

• arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upAdditional cited collections

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