Full name: Hebeloma clavulipes Romagn. (1965)
Published: Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 81 (3): 326 (1929) ["1965"]
Taxonomic status: Heterotypic synonym of H. discomorbidum
Types: SLOVAKIA: Vallee de la Bystra,nr Htl Srdiecko, Basses Tatras (approx. 48.84°N, 19.59°E, alt. approx. 1400 m a.s.l.) on acidic soil and litter in deciduous, granitic woodland under Fagus sylvatica, 9 Sep. 1960, H. Romagnesi (R60-221) (Holotype. herbarium acc. no. PC0090760, HJB1000028).

Original diagnosis: Pileo 1,5‒3,5 cm, primum convexo, dein expanso mammoso, margine involuta, media obscure castanea, circum multo pallidiore ac sericeo, viscidulo. Stipite 4‒4,5 cm x 3,5‒4 mm, sursum aequali, deorsum bulbo immarginato ad 7 mm lata praedito, pallido, deinde fuscescente, sericeo, superne flocculoso; cortina supera, levi. Carne crassa, odore raporum, sapore amaro. Lamelles haud stipatissimis, tenuibus, inaequalibus, sinuato-adnatis, segmentiformibus, deinde ventricosis, pallide ex incarnatis rufulis, deinde brunneolis, acie pallidiore ac fimbriata. Spores amygdaliformibus, fere citriiformibus, 10‒13,5 x 6‒7,5 μm, tunicis crassis, subtilissime punctatis. Pilis acierum lageniformibus, 34‒56 x 7‒11 μm. Subcute crasso, pseudoparenchymatica specie; pigmento incrustante tunicas hypharum multarum; hyphis fibulatis. - Sub Sorbo aucuparia et Fago silvatica, in montibus Tatra, Tchecoslovacia. Typus in herbario Romagnesiano, Mus. Nat. d’Hist. nat. Paris, no. 60.221.

English translation: Pileus 1.5–3.5 cm, convex at first, then expanding with umbo, with involute margin, at centre dark chestnut brown, towards margin much paler and shiny, slightly viscid. Stipe 4–4.5 cm × 3.5–4 mm, upper part equal, base with marginate bulb up to 7 mm broad, pallid then reddish brown, shiny, flocculose in upper part; cortina at apex, smooth. Context thick. Smell raphanoid. Taste bitter. Lamellae not very crowded, thin, unequal, sinuate-adnate, segmentiform then ventricose, pale then incarnate becoming reddish brown with fimbriate, paler edge. Spores amygdaloid, almost citriform, 10–13.5 × 6.0–7.5 μm, thick-walled, subtly punctate. Marginal hairs lageniform, 34–56 × 7–11 μm. Subcutis thick, pseudoparenchymatic. Pigment incrusting in many hyphae; clamps present. With Sorbus aucuparia and Fagus sylvatica, in Tatra Mountains in Czechoslovakia, 9 Sep. 1960. Type in Herb. Romagnesi 60.221.

Commentary: With the persistent presence of a cortina and the lageniform or ventricose cheilocystidia, this taxon clearly belongs in H. sect. Hebeloma. Within this section, it can be differentiated on the basis of the amygdaloid and limoniform spores distinctly to rather strongly dextrinoid, the number of lamellae always at least 40 and the boreal, rather than arctic or alpine, habitat. The most similar taxa are H. monticola, H. oreophilum and H. sordescens. Hebeloma oreophilum does consistently have longer spores and only occurs in arctic or alpine habitats. Hebeloma monticola and H. sordescens can occur in similar habitats to H. clavulipes, but both of these taxa usually have more full length lamellae (L at least 45 and usually greater than 50) and H. sordescens also has a larger ave. cheilocystidium apex width (A > 5 μm) and the exsiccata nearly always discolours to dark brown or black on drying. We noted above that we have two English collections that do differ, at least microscopically, from the rest of our database collections. While this may turn out to represent a different taxon, at this point we do not have sufficient molecular or morphological evidence to make this separation. It appears that this taxon has a number of synonyms that include Bruchet’s two species: Hebeloma remyi (invalidly published) and H. candidipes. With regard to these two Bruchet species, his primary differentiation was on the basis of the pileus colour (H. remyi being less distinctly two-coloured), the stipe of H. remyi discolouring more strongly, and H. remyi having larger less ornamented spores. Having made several collections from the type locality of H. candidipes and examined all four collections of H. remyi cited by Bruchet, we find that this combination of characters is not consistent. For instance, two of the H. remyi collections do have rather large spores but the other two have somewhat smaller spores. At this point we do not have sufficient molecular or morphological evidence to make any separation. Bruchet believed H. mesophaeum var. macrosporum Remy to be the same species as his H. remyi and indeed erected his species to raise Remy’s taxon to species level as the name H. macrosporum Velen. already existed (H. macrosporum is synonymous with H. crustuliniforme). Although there is no original material existing of H. mesophaeum var. macrosporum (indeed the name was invalid because no type was selected) we think that it is highly likely that this was the species Remy intended. Noting that Bruchet’s species was also invalid, Quadraccia (1988) selected a type from Italy for H. remyi to validate the name (Hebeloma remyi Bruchet ex Quadr.), but unfortunately he selected material of H. dunense, so Quadraccia’s species has been synonymized with that taxon. Vesterholt (2005) comments that he believes H. monticola is synonymous with Bruchet’s H. remyi. He says: “The species described here [H. monticola] agrees with H. remyi of Bruchet, but the identity of Remy’s taxon is more uncertain. Both H. mesophaeum var. macrosporum Remy and H. remyi Bruchet were invalidly published because no type was selected.” However, as explained above, while the two taxa are very similar, we believe there is sufficient molecular and morphological evidence that H. clavulipes and H. monticola are distinct. Intriguingly, Poumarat & Corriol (2009) also proposed a taxon that they believed represented Bruchet’s H. remyi; this is also a distinct species, H. hygrophilum.

Full name: Hebeloma clavulipes var. hygrophanicum Bon (1994)
Published: Documents mycologiques 23 (92): 42 (1994)
Taxonomic status: Heterotypic synonym of H. erebium
Notes: Published as “ad. int.”, nom. inval. (Art. 39.1)

Types: FRANCE: Oise, Foret d'Ourscamp (approx. 49.5369°N, 2.9313°E, alt. approx. 75 m a.s.l.) on calcareous soil, 8 Oct. 1993, G. Tassi, det: M. Bon (Holotype. herbarium acc. no. LIP 83199, LIP 93199?, HJB13499).

This should be considered as authentic material rather than as a holotype given that this taxon was invalidly published..

Original diagnosis: Chapeau 3-5 cm, convexe, a revetement glabre, hygrophane ou peu visqueux, brun-roux avec la marge palie par un voile blanchatre puis se decolorant ensuite en cocarde, un peu a la maniere de Kuehneromyces mutabilis. Lames banales de type hebelome, non pleurantes. Stipe 5-6 x 0,3-0,6 cm, jusqu'a 0,8(1) cm vers 1a base qui est subbulbeuse; entieroment blanchatre a subconcolore au chapeau ou un peu plus brunissant vers la base, a cortine faible ou fugace, douteuse sur les vieux exemplaires. Chair pale a odeur et saveur faibles, subraphanoides. Spores 10-12(13) x 5,5-6(7) μm, amygdaliformas +/- ventrues ou a sommet etire; ornementation finement. verruqueuse, peu contrastee, non dextrinoides. Cheilocystides (poils d'arete) 40-50 x 8-10 x 5-7 μm, lageniformes a base +/- brusquement dilatee ou subfusiforme. Epicutis a hyphes hanales, peu congophobes, celles du subcutis progressivement epaissies vers la texture pseudoparenchymateuse de l'hypoderme. Pigment +/- incrustant sur les hyphes profondos.

Commentary: Authentic material has been studied and sequenced and: = Hebeloma erebium (Huijsman) Beker & U. Eberh.