Taxonomy
Collection 10833 (herbarium acc. no. C C-F-90152 (holotype), BR MYCO 173983-62 (isotype)) is the holotype of Hebeloma geminatum.Description
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upCollecting details
Collection 10833 was collected by J. Vesterholt on 20th October 1996 in Nystrup Klitplantage, S of Kridtstien UTM MJ6920, NWJ, DENMARK (approx. 57.0267°N, 8.4906°E, altitude approximately 15 m above sea level - Google maps). The ectomycorrhizal family Pinaceae (genus Abies) was present.
The surrounding habitat was described as woodland plantation with a substrate of calcareous soil, corresponding to the IUCN habitat We map from the collector's description of the habitat to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s definition using a standardised set of rules. Please see this page for a full list of IUCN habitats. 1.4: Forest – Temperate.
According to the GPS data the collection was in the European Atlantic mixed forests WWF ecoregion The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have divided the world into 867 terrestrial ecoregions. The ecoregion here is estimated by mapping from the GPS coordinates of the collection using data made available by Dinerstein et al (2017). Use this webtool to explore the ecoregions visually or see a full list of current ecoregions on Wikipedia. (biome: Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests) and Koppen climate code Cfb (Temperate, no dry season, warm summer).
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMacroscopic description
Cortina present: no.
Pileus: 50–80 mm diameter; shape convex; margin characters reflexed; viscosity tacky when moist; spotting no; hygrophanous no; colour variation unicolor; with colour at centre pale cream; and colour at margin not recorded; with remains of universal veil no.
Lamellae: attachment emarginate; maximum depth not recorded; number of complete lamellae 85; tears visible with naked eye; white fimbriate edge present.
Stipe: 50–61 x 10–15 {median} x 10–15 {basal} mm; stipe Q 4.0–5.0; base cylindrical; floccosity floccose; rooting no; mycelial chords no.
Context: texture firm; stipe interior stuffed; stipe flesh discolouring from base no; slenderness measure 4.0; smell raphanoid strongly; taste not recorded.
Spore deposit colour: analysis not yet complete.
Exsiccata: normal.
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMicroscopic description
Spores: shape amygdaloid; colour through microscope yellow brown; guttulate no; papillate no; Spore Code: O2; O3; P1; D1.
Basidia: 33.2–37.8 x 8.6–9.5 μm; ave. Q = 3.9; basidia spore nature not recorded.
Cheilocystidia: main shape clavate-stipitate, clavate-lageniform or clavate-ventricose; special features none; Cheilocystidia Ratios: A/M = 2.25; A/B = 1.95; B/M = 1.19.
Pleurocystidia: no.
Ixocutis: epicutis thickness (measured from exsiccata) 150 μm; ixocutis maximum hyphae width 5 μm; ixocutis hyphae encrustation yes; shape of trama elements beneath subcutis ellipsoid, thickly sausage-shaped up to 15 μm wide.
Caulocystidia: caulocystidia maximum length 70 μm.
Spore (min) 5%-95% (max) mean median S.D. Length (µm) (8.6) 9.2–11.7 (13.3) 10.4 10.3 0.850 Width (µm) (4.9) 5.4–6.9 (8.0) 6.0 6.0 0.510 Q (1.31) 1.58–1.89 (1.92) 1.74 1.74 0.1 Cheilocystidium (µm) (min) 5%-95% (max) mean median S.D. Length (36) 42–65 (70) 55 55 7.94 Apex Width (5.2) 6.8–12.2 (14.5) 9.4 9.4 1.740 Median Width (3.0) 3.4–5.1 (5.5) 4.2 4.3 0.57 Basal Width (3.1) 3.5–6.7 (7.0) 5.0 4.9 1.09
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upTemperature calculation
Max temp Min temp Precipitation Annualised average (1996) 9.62 °C 4.10 °C 49.84 mm Collection month (10/1996) 12.29 °C 7.88 °C 98.47 mm Max month (1996) 21.12 °C 13.91 °C 122.85 mm
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upAnalyse this collection
Compare this collection to its species
This section compares data for this collection against its true species and also against the most likely species as determined by our identifier. More often than not these will be the same species, but where this is not the case, the data may be used to help explain why the identifier got it wrong.Image gallery
Detailed statistics
| Spore measurements | My value | Species mean value | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 63.0 | 60.81 | 11th/32 |
| Average length | 10.4 | 10.35 | 16th/32 |
| Average width | 6.0 | 5.82 | 6th–8th/32 |
| Standard deviation of length | 0.85 | 0.70 | 6th–7th/32 |
| Standard deviation of width | 0.51 | 0.32 | 1st/32 |
| Median length | 10.3 | 10.39 | 16th–18th/32 |
| Median width | 6.0 | 5.83 | 6th–9th/32 |
| Minimum length | 8.6 | 8.73 | 18th–20th/32 |
| Minimum width | 4.9 | 5.09 | 26th–27th/32 |
| Low length | 9.2 | 9.21 | 15th–18th/32 |
| Low width | 5.4 | 5.35 | 10th–14th/32 |
| High length | 11.7 | 11.39 | 6th/32 |
| High width | 6.9 | 6.33 | 1st/32 |
| Max length | 13.3 | 12.00 | 2nd/32 |
| Max width | 8.0 | 6.61 | 1st/32 |
| Spore feature | Value | Commonalities |
|---|---|---|
| Ornamentation | O2; O3 | 45% of collections; 96% of collections |
| Perispore loosening | P1 | 93% of collections |
| Dextrinoidity | D1 | 87% of collections |