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Taxonomy

Collection 1000040 (herbarium acc. no. LY BR64-24) is the holotype of Hebeloma ingratum.

Description

  • arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upCollecting details

    Collection 1000040 was collected by G. Bruchet on 11th September 1964 in Montcharvet, near Saint-Bon (Savoie), Haute Savoie, FRANCE (approx. 45.3967°N, 6.6856°E, altitude approximately 1750 m above sea level - Google maps). The ectomycorrhizal families Betulaceae (genus Betula), Pinaceae (genus Picea) and Salicaceae (genera Populus and Salix) were present.

    The surrounding habitat was described as alpine meadow edge with a substrate of grassy soil, corresponding to the IUCN habitat We map from the collector's description of the habitat to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s definition using a standardised set of rules. Please see this page for a full list of IUCN habitats. 5.11: Wetlands (inland) – Alpine wetlands (inc. temporary waters from snowmelt).

    According to the GPS data the collection was in the Alps conifer and mixed forests WWF ecoregion The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have divided the world into 867 terrestrial ecoregions. The ecoregion here is estimated by mapping from the GPS coordinates of the collection using data made available by Dinerstein et al (2017). Use this webtool to explore the ecoregions visually or see a full list of current ecoregions on Wikipedia. (biome: Temperate Conifer Forests) and Koppen climate code Dfc (Cold, no dry season, cold summer).

  • arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMacroscopic description

    Cortina present: no.

    Pileus: 25–55 mm diameter; shape convex, umbonate broadly; margin characters involute, serrate; viscosity tacky when moist; spotting no; hygrophanous not recorded; colour variation two-colour; with colour at centre ochraceous; and colour at margin cream; with remains of universal veil no.

    Lamellae: attachment emarginate; maximum depth not recorded; number of complete lamellae not recorded; tears visible with x10 lens; white fimbriate edge present.

    Stipe: 35–65 x 6–8 {median} x 6–13 {basal} mm; stipe Q 5.8–8.1; base clavate, cylindrical, subbulbous; floccosity floccose at apex; rooting no; mycelial chords no.

    Context: texture firm; stipe interior hollow, stuffed; stipe flesh discolouring from base weak; slenderness measure 8.9; smell raphanoid; taste bitter, raphanoid.

    Spore deposit colour: yellowish brown.

    Exsiccata: normal.

  • arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMicroscopic description

    Spores: shape amygdaloid, limoniform; colour through microscope not recorded; guttulate not recorded; papillate yes; Spore Code: O2; O3; P1; P2; D2.

    Basidia: 28.8–29.2 x 7.2–10.3 μm; ave. Q = 3.4; basidia spore nature not recorded.

    Cheilocystidia: main shape clavate, clavate-lageniform or clavate-ventricose, lageniform, ventricose; special features apical thickening, long, median thickening; Cheilocystidia Ratios: A/M = 1.56; A/B = 1.16; B/M = 1.40.

    Pleurocystidia: no.

    Ixocutis: epicutis thickness (measured from exsiccata) not recorded; ixocutis maximum hyphae width 5 μm; ixocutis hyphae encrustation not recorded; shape of trama elements beneath subcutis not recorded.

    Caulocystidia: analysis not yet complete.

    Spore(min) 5%-95% (max)meanmedianS.D.
    Length (µm)(9.2) 9.7–12.1 (12.9)10.910.90.770
    Width (µm)(5.5) 5.7–6.9 (7.0)6.36.30.360
    Q(1.51) 1.57–1.96 (2.06)1.741.740.12

    Cheilocystidium (µm)(min) 5%-95% (max)meanmedianS.D.
    Length(34) 36–61 (63)52527.9
    Apex Width(3.4) 3.7–6.5 (7.5)5.25.20.820
    Median Width(2.7) 2.8–4.3 (4.4)3.53.50.46
    Basal Width(3.1) 3.2–6.5 (6.7)4.84.81.07
  • arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upTemperature calculation
    Max tempMin tempPrecipitation
    Annualised average (1964)5.54 °C-1.74 °C102.49 mm
    Collection month (9/1964)12.20 °C4.08 °C66.46 mm
    Max month (1964)16.30 °C6.20 °C241.22 mm

Compare this collection to its species

This section compares data for this collection against its true species and also against the most likely species as determined by our identifier. More often than not these will be the same species, but where this is not the case, the data may be used to help explain why the identifier got it wrong.

Image gallery

Detailed statistics

Spore measurementsMy valueSpecies mean valuePosition
Count 65.0 67.42 6th/19
Average length 10.9 10.63 2nd–5th/19
Average width 6.3 5.98 4th–5th/19
Standard deviation of length 0.77 0.69 6th/19
Standard deviation of width 0.36 0.32 5th–6th/19
Median length 10.9 10.67 4th–7th/19
Median width 6.3 6.00 4th–5th/19
Minimum length 9.2 8.98 5th–8th/19
Minimum width 5.5 5.20 2nd/19
Low length 9.7 9.53 4th–5th/19
Low width 5.7 5.47 5th/19
High length 12.1 11.68 1st–3rd/19
High width 6.9 6.47 2nd–3rd/19
Max length 12.9 12.26 3rd/19
Max width 7.0 6.73 5th/19
Spore featureValueCommonalities
Ornamentation O2; O3 52% of collections; 89% of collections
Perispore loosening P1; P2 89% of collections; 26% of collections
Dextrinoidity D2 89% of collections