Taxonomy
Collection 13524 (herbarium acc. no. BR BR-MYCO 174907-16 (holotype), C C-F-92313 (isotype)) is the holotype of Hebeloma echinosporum.Description
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upCollecting details
Collection 13524 was collected by H.J. Beker on 10th September 2010 in Foret Domaniale de Boulogne Parcel 98, Pas de Calais, FRANCE (50.6831°N, 1.7206°E, altitude approximately 50 m above sea level - Google maps). The ectomycorrhizal families Betulaceae (genera Carpinus and Corylus) and Fagaceae (genus Quercus) were present.
The surrounding habitat was described as deciduous woodland pathside with a substrate of calcareous soil and litter, corresponding to the IUCN habitat We map from the collector's description of the habitat to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s definition using a standardised set of rules. Please see this page for a full list of IUCN habitats. 1.4: Forest – Temperate.
According to the GPS data the collection was in the European Atlantic mixed forests WWF ecoregion The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have divided the world into 867 terrestrial ecoregions. The ecoregion here is estimated by mapping from the GPS coordinates of the collection using data made available by Dinerstein et al (2017). Use this webtool to explore the ecoregions visually or see a full list of current ecoregions on Wikipedia. (biome: Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests) and Koppen climate code Cfb (Temperate, no dry season, warm summer).
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMacroscopic description
Cortina present: no.
Pileus: 27–52 mm diameter; shape convex; margin characters involute; viscosity tacky when moist; spotting yes; hygrophanous no; colour variation unicolor; with colour at centre cream; and colour at margin not recorded; with remains of universal veil no.
Lamellae: attachment emarginate; maximum depth up to 5 mm; number of complete lamellae 75; tears visible with naked eye; white fimbriate edge present.
Stipe: 44–87 x 5–9 {median} x 4–7 {basal} mm; stipe Q 8.3–10.4; base cylindrical, tapering; floccosity floccose, pruinose at apex; rooting no; mycelial chords yes.
Context: texture firm; stipe interior hollow, superior wick; stipe flesh discolouring from base no; slenderness measure 13.9; smell raphanoid; taste not recorded.
Spore deposit colour: analysis not yet complete.
Exsiccata: normal.
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upMicroscopic description
Spores: shape amygdaloid, limoniform; colour through microscope brown; guttulate no; papillate very strongly; Spore Code: O3; O4; P3; D3; D4.
Basidia: 30.1–37.2 x 6.7–8.9 μm; ave. Q = 4.3; basidia spore nature not recorded.
Cheilocystidia: main shape clavate-stipitate, filiform, clavate-lageniform or clavate-ventricose; special features apical thickening, branching, clamped septa, rostrate, septa; Cheilocystidia Ratios: A/M = 2.22; A/B = 1.57; B/M = 1.42.
Pleurocystidia: no.
Ixocutis: epicutis thickness (measured from exsiccata) 125 μm; ixocutis maximum hyphae width 5 μm; ixocutis hyphae encrustation yes; shape of trama elements beneath subcutis thickly sausage-shaped, thinly sausage-shaped up to 18 μm wide.
Caulocystidia: analysis not yet complete.
Spore (min) 5%-95% (max) mean median S.D. Length (µm) (9.2) 9.7–12.3 (12.7) 11.1 11.3 0.740 Width (µm) (5.9) 6.1–7.4 (7.9) 6.7 6.6 0.430 Q (1.34) 1.53–1.84 (2.02) 1.67 1.68 0.12 Cheilocystidium (µm) (min) 5%-95% (max) mean median S.D. Length (38) 43–64 (65) 53 53 7.81 Apex Width (4.6) 5.1–10.7 (13.2) 8.3 8.4 1.460 Median Width (3.1) 3.3–5.0 4.1 4.0 0.56 Basal Width (3.8) 4.8–7.4 (7.5) 5.7 5.6 0.87
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upTemperature calculation
Max temp Min temp Precipitation Annualised average (2010) 12.85 °C 6.55 °C 56.80 mm Collection month (9/2010) 17.92 °C 10.96 °C 64.31 mm Max month (2010) 22.56 °C 14.97 °C 114.34 mm
- arrow_drop_downarrow_drop_upAnalyse this collection
Compare this collection to its species
This section compares data for this collection against its true species and also against the most likely species as determined by our identifier. More often than not these will be the same species, but where this is not the case, the data may be used to help explain why the identifier got it wrong.Image gallery
Detailed statistics
| Spore measurements | My value | Species mean value | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 51.0 | 51.00 | 1st/1 |
| Average length | 11.1 | 11.10 | 1st/1 |
| Average width | 6.7 | 6.70 | 1st/1 |
| Standard deviation of length | 0.74 | 0.74 | 1st/1 |
| Standard deviation of width | 0.43 | 0.43 | 1st/1 |
| Median length | 11.3 | 11.30 | 1st/1 |
| Median width | 6.6 | 6.60 | 1st/1 |
| Minimum length | 9.2 | 9.20 | 1st/1 |
| Minimum width | 5.9 | 5.90 | 1st/1 |
| Low length | 9.7 | 9.70 | 1st/1 |
| Low width | 6.1 | 6.10 | 1st/1 |
| High length | 12.3 | 12.30 | 1st/1 |
| High width | 7.4 | 7.40 | 1st/1 |
| Max length | 12.7 | 12.70 | 1st/1 |
| Max width | 7.9 | 7.90 | 1st/1 |
| Spore feature | Value | Commonalities |
|---|---|---|
| Ornamentation | O3; O4 | 100% of collections; 100% of collections |
| Perispore loosening | P3 | 100% of collections |
| Dextrinoidity | D3; D4 | 100% of collections; 100% of collections |